Assessment of Psycho - Social Services Intervention Programmes for Internally Displaced Persons in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Research | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/137

Assessment of Psycho - Social Services Intervention Programmes for Internally Displaced Persons in Maiduguri, Nigeria

  • Emenike J Umesi *

Director, National Emergency Management Agency, Abuja, Nigeria and Visiting senior lecturer- Global Distance Learning Institute, Abuja. Nigeria.

*Corresponding Author: Emenike J Umesi, Director, National Emergency Management Agency, Abuja, Nigeria and Visiting senior lecturer- Global Distance Learning Institute, Abuja. Nigeria

Citation: Emenike J Umesi (2021) Assessment of Psycho - Social Services Intervention Programmes for Internally Displaced Persons in Maiduguri, Nigeria. J. Journal of Clinical Research and Reports, 7(1); DOI:10.31579/2690-1919/137

Copyright: © 2021 Emenike J Umesi, This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: 16 January 2021 | Accepted: 15 February 2021 | Published: 22 February 2021

Keywords: psychosocial; internally displaced persons; emergency management

Abstract

The study investigated the extent to which psychosocial services intervention programmes is being implemented for the internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the camps and to also find out how these programmes have been able to meet the needs of the affected persons. To achieve this objective, three research questions are generated. Subjects are 200 respondents that are selected from a target population of 1005 displaced persons in two camps in Borno state, through simple random sampling. A questionnaire titled “Psychosocial Services Intervention Programmes Questionnaire” (PSSIPQ) was used for data collection while interview and focus group discussions were used for additional information gathering. The study concludes that psychological support services are available in the various camps but require deepening and some improvement.

Introduction

By January 2017, the total number of displaced persons in the world was about 40.3 million, and out of this figure, the newly displaced within their own countries by natural disasters, conflict or human rights violations at the end of December 2016, amounted to roughly 31.1 million. Sub Saharan Africa contributed 2.6m of the 6.9m figures for conflict-induced displacement. (IDMC, 2017)
Nigeria as at January 2018 had a total of 1,707,000 internally displaced persons out of the world’s 40.0 million displaced persons. This displacement comes with a lot of incidents and experiences that leave the victims or affected persons traumatized.  By the peculiar nature of these incidents, families have been separated, communities have been destroyed, and basic infrastructure damaged. The basic social and economic activities in the various communities have been disrupted making the need for humanitarian action inevitable. In the last few years, displacements have occurred in various parts of the country, coming along with its trademark of trauma and other social issues that also has a lot of impact on the mental health of the affected persons. Some of the states affected by displacement in the country include Adamawa, Borno, Yobe, Zamfara, Benue, Nassarawa, Cross River, Ebonyi, etc. The causes of these displacements range from human induced to natural disaster incidents. The resulting effects of these incidents go a long way to affect the displaced persons in the form of post disaster trauma. In cases of this nature, a consciously planned programme of psycho – social intervention is supposed to be in place and made available to all affected persons who require such mental health related services.  It is based on the above, that this study is being carried out to assess the extent to which this sensitive aspect of social work intervention programmes is made available to the affected persons and whether it has helped to effectively mitigate the post disaster trauma challenges being faced by the internally displaced persons in the camps in Maiduguri.

Psychosocial Services for Internally Displaced Persons
In recent years, disasters have been on the increase and one of the fallouts of these incidents is the accompanying displacement of affected persons and the harassments and stress induced by the nature of the disaster incident. Most displaced persons from violence and conflict induced disasters suffer a lot of traumatic exposures that may require special interventions to resolve; these may result from loss of loved ones, sexual and gender-based violence, torture and near death and others, hence the importance of psychosocial support services.
According to IFRC (2017) psychological support is a critical part of emergency response which is geared towards ensuring that communities and individuals are able to heal the wounds inflicted on them by psychological incidents and assist them in rebuilding social structures after an emergency or disaster incident. It changes people from their passive victim status to active survivors.  Psychosocial services entail an array of interaction-oriented post trauma rehabilitation services aimed at ensuring the physical, social, educational, health and especially mental wellbeing of an affected person, in this case a post disaster traumatized internally displaced person.
Psychosocial care involves a process through which an interested person shows care and concern towards an affected person and facilitates the person’s transformation through self-knowledge. It is a relationship between an interested person and a person with a need. This relationship is usually a two-way personal relationship although sometimes it may involve more than two people. It is designed to help people to clarify and understand themselves and meaningfully interact with others with the aim of understanding their challenges and seek and a better approach to remedying them. Meaningful and well-informed choices, emotional and interpersonal problems are resolved through psychosocial support services. Psychosocial support services as defined means different things to different people and is provided in a variety of ways. For example, there are instances where counseling, play, exercises, puzzles etc. are given to resolve issues and create room for proper integration of an affected person. A teacher may be used by a student as a means to share all his worries, but, while doing that the teacher gives advice using counselling skills, but is he actually engaged in a counselling relationship? The teacher is not a counsellor but counsels as part of psychosocial support services.
Psychosocial support services according to UNHCR (2018) emphasizes the extension and mainstreaming of psychosocial support services into the following specialized areas of humanitarian intervention, namely

  1. Community based protection programmes
  2. Child protection programmes
  3. Sex and Gender Based Violence (SGBV) prevention and response
  4. Education programmes
  5. Health programmes
  6. Establish coordination mechanisms at country and local levels.

These specialized areas will require a lot of partnership and the involvement of specialists in the form of mental health professionals such as doctors, psychiatric nurses, clinical officers, psychiatrists, and these  specialists will need to be available to support primary health care officials, social workers and community based specialists in ensuring the caregiving functions are effectively carried out. They will sometimes require some non-health workers to assist in carrying out these services when professional staff are not readily available.
Counselling is a critical aspect of psychological support as indicated by Ivey (2010) in her study on estate issues. Ivey looked at counselling in a secular context and described counselling as an activity concerned with helping people, manage their normal problems and opportunities and associates it with professional fields of human services such as psychology, guidance and social work, and to a limited extent psychiatry. Ivey suggest that other specialized areas which involve intense processes and difficulties in behavior such as psychotherapy is conducted by professionals. This area of psychosocial intervention is specialized in exploring, discovering and clarifying ways and manner of living more resourceful and satisfying life and the sole aim of counselling is to provide non-judgmental, safe and confidential environment for the adjustments to take place.
Counseling has existed in different forms with results varying in terms of outcomes over a long period of time. It has presently been given a pride of place in places like schools, churches and other institutions rendering psychosocial support to both the young and adults alike. The present-day differences and contradiction in the use and practice of counselling in the society has its history in the social and historical activities that has shaped and modelled modern day culture. The experience of various emotional and psychological events and development of other behavioral problem has guided the development of well-established ways of managing these challenges experienced by individuals.
  Scivoletto and Morganti (2008) in their study has explained that the increase in the number and depth of socio-economic changes in the world has over the years led to a shift in the ways people manage their lives especially the IDPs, consequently, the remedies applied in the past cannot effectively handle all the challenges of the present, and this had made counseling an important intervention in the handling of Boys and girls, and young men and women in their relationship with their health, earning shells, knowledge, environment, and attitudes which will determine their progress or not in life.
Nielsen (2010) studied the role of psychosocial support in the rehabilitation of internally displaced persons in Lebanon. The study had a sample of 1000 internally displaced persons using a survey research design and population t-test to analyze the data obtained. The researcher in his findings explained that the rehabilitation counsellor wears many hats enabling him/her to function effectively in minimizing the functional limitation of an IDP and also for improving their opportunity for employment, coordination of physical, emotional, financial, social, medical, vocational and personal development services of the individual.
 Choi (2011) noted that the complex and ever changing nature of the society’s challenges and ever dynamic advances in science and technology has placed enormous duties on the education sector as its pivotal role of preparing citizens for faster and appropriate adaptation to changes is very paramount in surmounting challenges. Psychosocial support services, as an educational tool should assist displaced person especially the youths in overcoming their development challenges especially as it relates to social, moral, academic and intellectual capacities, and the disparities in education of the girl child in our society. These disparities can improve where counseling is made a priority in order to do away with these beliefs that have also permeated the camps and living modes of internally displaced persons and affected the self-image of the girls and boys concerned.
Szymanski and Parker (2006) carried out a similar study on providing psychosocial services for internally displaced persons in Pakistan using 500 respondents and Chi-square statistical tool to analyze their responses. The result of the study showed that psychosocial support services significantly affect the rehabilitation of internally displaced persons in the study area. Additionally, the author explained that there is a need for the counsellor who doubles as a consultant to his clients to assist in accessing resources and gathering of data that will assist those persons to achieve their vocational targets. The counsellor would gather information about interests, aptitudes, and achievements of their targets in order to use this vocational evaluation to predict the future performances of the participants. But for post disaster trauma counseling (PDTC) the emphasis is on the individual’s abilities as they are related to work and using them to make informed decisions on how to assist them adjust. It is therefore important for the participant to understand the important role assessment plays in the vocational counselling relationship.
The shift from lack of focus to client empowerment and informed choice as opined by Iyengar (2008) in his work is leading vocational evaluators and counsellors towards meeting the needs of their clients by adopting community-based assessment in ensuring that a proper career path is chosen. Despite this need, there has always been a resistance from the counsellors and evaluators to adopt this new strategy. In his opinion, the researcher believes that the rehabilitation process has as one of its important goals, the achievement of employment outcomes by their clients. This is consistent with their values especially with 1992 Reauthorisation and rehabilitation Act which ensures empowerment and informed choice of the affected population as outlined in the rehabilitation act of 1973 as amended which emphasizes competitive employment. These amendments reflect in the new direction of counsellors’ approach to the rehabilitation of displaced persons. The psychosocial support officer’s role plays an important part in ensuring that internally displaced persons adjust positively to enable them gain jobs that are in tandem with their skills, attitudes and training.  
According to Rauch (2009), Post Disaster Trauma Counsellor’s job which is a part of the psychosocial support team, involves social and personal counselling, should assist in directing students in the area of educational and vocational opportunities. This will correct the impression given of the African girl child who is portrayed as passive, submissive person and is seen but never heard and suffering of poor self-image and inferiority complex, is this perception enforced by the attitude of the society, teacher and parents. Personal counselling as encouraged will empower the girl child to develop positive attitude towards self and engender the need to acquire more knowledge and seek freedom. PDTC is important at this stage since it will enable the boys and girls to develop positive attitude towards each other and begin to contribute to the social wellbeing of their communities.
 Mola (2013) asserted that post-disaster trauma counselling services to help internally displaced persons can take the form of psychosocial services which deals with difficulties with emotions and behaviour which arise out of experience encountered in the process of conflict. Any aspect of development after their encounter may result into an adjustment problem. It is imperative that care should be taken to address the issues. These issues which can be encountered by any one may include challenges such as Anxiety, challenges of career adjustment, anger over security and interpersonal conflicts, depriving feelings resulting from the events witnessed, guilt about a mistake resulting in great losses, grief over a loved one disillusionment, grief over parents disappearance, etc.
Similarly, Norris (2011) in his study on IDPs and post disaster trauma counselling for internally displaced people opined that vocational counseling is the most effective PDTC, he described it as contact at an individual level which leads to career advice and subsequent development.

Storbeck and Pittman (2008) enumerated the following as the goals and purposes of groups counseling for internally displaced people as a result of their study:

“To grow in self-acceptance and learn not to demand perfection, to learn how to trust oneself and others, to foster self-knowledge and the development of a unique self-identity, to lessen fears of intimacy, and learn to reach out to those one would like to be closer to, to move away from meeting other's expectations, and decide for oneself the standards by which to live. The goals also included, to increase self-awareness, and increase the possibilities for choosing and acting, to become aware of choices and to make choices wisely, to become more sensitive to the needs and feelings of others, to clarify values and decide whether, and how, to modify them, and, to find ways of understanding, and resolving, personal problems” (p.29).

The exposure to life threatening events, overwhelms infants and children and could lead to emotional distress and traumas.  The manifestation of these traits could be in form of delays in development, changes in behaviour, and other severe health and psychological conditions. Stucki and Cieza (2014) explained that programming of psychosocial activities involve arranging modules which are aimed at managing the psychological and social advancement of people in order to enhance their resilience against factors that attack their behavioural wellbeing. To establish normal family life after a bloody conflict takes a lot of time and utilizes the return of family, normalcy and familiar routines that engage the mental abilities of family members to understanding that life is gradually normalizing.

The challenges from emergencies, which result in traumas, therefore, will require special attention to be managed. According to Riefels (2013) the extension of post trauma psychosocial services to the internally displaced persons has been recognized as an important step towards averting challenges of mental health towards victims of disasters. (North and Pfefferbaum, 2013; Norris, Friedman, Watson, 2002; Bonanno, Brewin, Kaniasty, & LaGreca, 2010; Ritchie, Watson, & Friedman, 2006). The Inter Agency Standing Committee guidelines for psychosocial disaster responses recommend a multilevel support strategy to be utilized depending on the situation of the internally displaced population (Inter-Agency Standing Committee, 2007). They can use community-based intervention, rendering of direct assistance, and support such as Psychological First Aid. They can also apply other mental health treatments such as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy, or EMDR; or pharmacotherapy or trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy, or TF-CBT; to avoid the development of further complex mental health conditions.

The importance of this mental health service is very critical in disaster response, especially when it is a conflict driven emergency, where some of the affected persons witnessed the killing of their loved ones or the destruction of their properties or saw their loved ones defiled or themselves violated. This service acts as a catalyst for proper healing of the emotional and psychological wounds of the disaster. The use of this social therapy has been well researched in various regions of the world, but, direct studies have hardly been carried out in the West African region and has necessitated this study on its availability and adequacy in the present crisis rocking the area.

Research Methodology

The quantitative research design is used for this study. This design helped the researcher study use interviews, questionnaires and focus group discussion to ascertain the extent to which this service is being rendered to the affected persons. The population of the study consists of the 45,019 internally displaced persons located in eight (8) camps in Maiduguri according to the displacement matrix of the Internal Organisation for Migration (IOM) and the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA). The sampling method was used to select 250 respondents, out of which 243 respondents finally participated. To carry out this study three research questions were used.

Table 1: Selected Camps and Populations in Maiduguri, Borno State
NEMA (2017)

Research Questions
Research question 1: What types of psycho social services are being rendered in the

internally displaced persons camp in Maiduguri?

Research question 2: Which organizations are rendering these services in the camps?

Research Question 3: To what extent has the post - disaster psycho social services

Been provided to the internally displaced persons?

Findings and Discussion

Research questions 1 and 2 were answered using interviews and discussions in the camps with the respondents, while the third research question was answered using the questionnaire. The focal group discussion was used to elicit responses and get reactions from those that are experiencing the traumas first hand.
The following services are present in the camps as enumerated by the respondents Community support services, specialized services for at risk groups such as widows, orphans, injured and handicapped persons etc. and direct support services for people with mental health issues. Majority of the people fall under the at risk groups while the mental health issues are handled at referral levels. The respondents listed the names of organisations involved in rendering these services to include International Office for Migration (IOM), Nigerian Red Cross, International Committee for Red Cross (ICRC), NEMA & BOSEMA, UNICEF, UNHCR, FMWA and other NGOs in the camps. They explained that these organisations play the roles but some of them have improved tremendously in this area.

Table 2: Provision of Post disaster trauma counseling services

The third research question is analysed as follows with the aid of the tables below

The analysis presented on Table 2 showed that 202 respondents (83.%), 22 (9.0 %) and 21 (8.0 %) said Yes, No and No response respectively on item 1; 207 (85%); 24 (10.0%) and 12 (5.0 %) said Yes, No and No response respectively on item 2; 114(47%); 92 (38%) and 37(15%) said Yes, No and No response respectively on item 3; 156 (64%), 78 (32%) and 9 (4.0%) said Yes, No and No response respectively on item 4 and 214 (88%),  17 (7%) and 12 (5.0%)   said Yes, No and No response   respectively.
 The focal group discussion revealed that the average time each of the respondents has stayed in a camp was 16 months with the least as 3 months. It also showed that more than 40% of the displaced persons have witnessed a death or torture of a close relative, except those who left early enough before the onset of the hostilities. Most of the IDPs still remember the ugly incidents and most of them agree that they have at one time or the other talked about the incident and about 60% of them agree that they have been treated for the trauma through counseling and are happy with the programme so far.
Many of the organisations in the camp have developed their own Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) activities, multidisciplinary psychosocial support mobile teams have been providing services to internally displaced persons (IDPs) and host community members, since 2014. According to IOM (2018) The teams composed of teachers, health care workers, counsellors and social workers offer a range of services including recreational activities for children and youth, informal education for adults, counselling and support groups. Through sensitization and focus group discussions, PSS teams are key in engaging with the local communities to identify and address cross cutting issues on Sex/Gender based violence (SGBV), security, protection, and various life stressors in the conflict environment. 
To strengthen the provision of MHPSS services, the organisations both local and international additionally support existing specialized mental health service facilities through the establishment of referral mechanisms, the rehabilitation of psychiatric wards, the training of mental health care workers and the deployment of psychiatric nurses into hard-to-reach areas.   
The project also offers integrated livelihood opportunities, as well as trainings on MHPSS interventions and MHPSS mainstreaming into the humanitarian response sectors and partners - including government, non-governmental actors, community leaders, United Nations agencies and civil society organizations. 
Additionally, given the large scale protection concerns in the north east, they are ensuring protection mainstreaming throughout their emergency response and have rolled out GBV trainings for various sectors, conducting safety assessments, and working with partners to ensure GBV mainstreaming throughout the humanitarian response.

Implications for World Humanitarian Leadership
Post disaster trauma is basically one of the most devastating effects of disaster incidents and its especially delicate for the affected persons and could result to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and would require a lot of attention for its management to be effective. One of the best known ways of managing this scourge is the application of psycho social services. It’s been known to be very effective for persons affected by crisis driven events or incidents. This study therefore reviewed the application of this tool in the various camps in the north east using the two camps in Maiduguri as case studies. The results of this study will go along way to assist leaders in the humanitarian sector in the approaches to managing affected persons in various camps all over the globe in determining the type of officers required in the camps and the various strategies to be adopted in case psycho social services may be applied as a solution.

Conclusion

Psycho social service is a prominent part of the maintenance and care segment of the response phase of the disaster management cycle. It plays an important role especially in crisis driven disasters such as wars and insurgency. The post disaster traumas experienced by affected persons are the effects of punishment suffered by the individuals or their close relatives. It could also be as a result of experiences of other affected persons as observed by the individuals. It is therefore very important that these services be effectively rendered with the intention of promoting sense of safety and security, establishment of trust, strengthening of relationships, enhancing resilience and ensuring sustainability.

References

Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.

img

Virginia E. Koenig

Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.

img

Delcio G Silva Junior

Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.

img

Ziemlé Clément Méda

Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.

img

Mina Sherif Soliman Georgy

We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.

img

Layla Shojaie

The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.

img

Sing-yung Wu

Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.

img

Orlando Villarreal

Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.

img

Katarzyna Byczkowska

Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.

img

Anthony Kodzo-Grey Venyo

Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.

img

Pedro Marques Gomes

Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.

img

Bernard Terkimbi Utoo

This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.

img

Prof Sherif W Mansour

Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.

img

Hao Jiang

As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.

img

Dr Shiming Tang

Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.

img

Raed Mualem

International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.

img

Andreas Filippaios

Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.

img

Dr Suramya Dhamija

Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.

img

Bruno Chauffert

I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!

img

Baheci Selen

"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".

img

Jesus Simal-Gandara

I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.

img

Douglas Miyazaki

We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.

img

Dr Griffith

I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.

img

Dr Tong Ming Liu

I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.

img

Husain Taha Radhi

I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.

img

S Munshi

Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.

img

Tania Munoz

“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.

img

George Varvatsoulias

Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.

img

Rui Tao

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.

img

Khurram Arshad